Back توسكارورا Arabic توسكارورا ARZ Тускарора Byelorussian Tuscarora Catalan Tuscarorové Czech Tuscarora German Tuscarora Spanish Tuscarorat Finnish Tuscaroras French Tuscaroraigh Irish
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2008) |
Skarù:ręˀ | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 17,412[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| By 17th century in North Carolina; 21st century: New York, United States and Ontario, Canada, North Carolina. | |
| Languages | |
| English, formerly Tuscarora | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, Longhouse, other Indigenous religions | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Lumbee; other Haudenosaunee, especially Meherrin and Nottoway |
The Tuscarora (in Tuscarora Skarù:ręˀ) are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands in Canada and the United States. They are an Iroquoian Native American and First Nations people, based in New York and Ontario.[2]
Prior to European contact, the Tuscarora lived in the Carolinas along the Roanoke, Neuse, Tar, and Pamlico rivers.[3] Their lands were annexed by English colonists in North Carolina and Virginia.[4][5][6] [7]
After the Tuscarora War of 1711 to 1713 against English colonists and their Indian allies, most surviving Tuscarora left North Carolina and migrated north to Pennsylvania and New York, over a 90-year period. They aligned with the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) in New York, because of their ancestral linguistic and cultural connections. In 1722, sponsored by the Oneida, the Tuscarora were accepted as the sixth nation of the Iroquois Confederacy.[8][9]
After the American Revolution, those Tuscarora who allied with the colonists shared reservation land with the Oneida before gaining their own. Today, the Tuscarora Nation of New York is a federally recognized tribe. Those Tuscarora who allied with the British in the American Revolution resettled with other Haudenosaunee people to Ontario, where they are became part of the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation.
Only the tribes in New York and Ontario have been recognized on a government-to-government basis by the respective national governments.[10] After the migration was completed in the early 18th century, the Tuscarora in New York no longer considered those remaining in North Carolina as members of the tribal nation. Since the late 20th century, some North Carolina individuals claiming Tuscarora ancestry formed organizations self-identifying as tribes.
- ^ "Tuscarora Nation Demographics & Statistics — Employment, Education, Income Averages, Crime in Tuscarora Nation — Point2 Homes". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
TUSCARORA NATIONwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ F.W. Hodge, "Tuscarora", Handbook of American Indians, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906, at AccessGenealogy, accessed 28 Oct. 2009
- ^ American Anthropologist, American Anthropological Association, Anthropological Society of Washington (Washington, D.C.), American Ethnological Society.
- ^ Davi Cusick, Ancient History of the Six Nations, 1828
- ^ Recounted in Tuscarora oral tradition
- ^ Merrell, James. "Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture". The William and Mary Quarterly. 69: 451-512. doi:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451. JSTOR 10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451.
- ^ J.N.B. Hewitt, "Legend of the Founding of the Iroquois League", 1892, pp. 131-48.
- ^ Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1918, "A Constitutional League of Peace in the Stone Age of America", Washington, 1920, pp. 527-45
- ^ Merrell, James (2012). "Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture". The William and Mary Quarterly. 69: 451-512. doi:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451. JSTOR 10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451.
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